In January 2021, the AfCFTA came into full force, although trade between the 54 African states is still low, on account of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.  But according to Mene, the concept of an integrated market transcends mere economic transactions; it embodies the spirit of solidarity and cooperation woven into the fabric of African societies.  However, geopolitical instability, exemplified by coup d'états and market disruptions, looms as a formidable barrier to Africa's progress. However, Mene sees beyond the turmoil, envisioning a continent united by a truly continental value chain, a network that not only meets Africa's demands but also generates employment and drives industrialization.